忠誠的代價——盧塞恩獅子紀念碑
忠誠的代價——盧塞恩獅子紀念碑
The Price of Loyalty — The Lion Monument of Lucerne
瑞士盧塞恩（Lucerne/Luzern）有一個紀念雕塑，是一隻伏臥在岩壁上的獅子。不是慶祝勝利，而是一座紀念失敗者的紀念碑。
In the Swiss city of Lucerne stands one of Europe’s most remarkable monuments—a dying lion carved into the face of a sandstone cliff. Unlike most memorials, it celebrates neither victory nor conquest. Instead, it was created to honor those who remained faithful even in defeat.
美國作家馬克．吐溫曾說，它是『世界上最哀傷、最動人的一塊石頭（the most mournful and moving piece of stone in the world）』。
The American writer Mark Twain, deeply moved by the sculpture, described it as ‘the most mournful and moving piece of stone in the world.’ More than a century later, countless visitors continue to stand quietly before it, finding themselves unexpectedly touched by the silent sorrow carved into the living rock.
一個關於忠誠的故事
故事要回到1792年8月10日。法國大革命已經進入激烈階段，革命群眾攻打巴黎的杜伊勒里宮（Tuileries Palace）。當時負責保衛國王路易十六的，不是法國軍隊，而是約一千名瑞士衛隊（Swiss Guards）。今天很多人會覺得奇怪：為什麼法國國王會由瑞士人保護？
The story begins on August 10, 1792, at one of the most turbulent moments of the French Revolution. Revolutionary forces marched upon the Tuileries Palace in Paris, where King Louis XVI still resided. Defending the palace were not French soldiers, but nearly one thousand Swiss Guards. To many people today, this seems surprising: why would the King of France entrust his safety to soldiers from another country?
這是因為數百年來，瑞士人以紀律嚴明、誠實守信、勇敢善戰聞名歐洲。許多歐洲王室都會僱用瑞士士兵作為近衛軍，他們不是臨時雇傭兵，而是經過正式條約招募、宣誓效忠的職業軍人。對於他們來說，誓言（Oath）高於生命。
For centuries, the Swiss had earned a reputation throughout Europe for discipline, integrity, courage, and military excellence. Royal courts across the continent employed Swiss Guards as trusted protectors, not as temporary mercenaries, but as professional soldiers recruited through formal treaties and bound by solemn oaths of service. To a Swiss Guard, an oath was far more than a promise—it was a sacred commitment, one that could demand the ultimate sacrifice.
革命軍人數遠遠超過瑞士衛隊。在戰鬥中，路易十六一度命令衛隊停止抵抗、撤退，但命令送達時已太晚，戰局已經無法挽回。許多衛兵在宮中戰死，另一些投降後仍遭到殺害，整個衛隊幾乎覆滅。
The Swiss Guards were hopelessly outnumbered. As the fighting intensified, King Louis XVI ordered his guards to cease resistance and withdraw. By the time the command reached them, however, the battle had already slipped beyond recovery. Many soldiers fell while defending the palace. Others laid down their arms, only to be killed after surrendering. By the end of the day, the Swiss Guard had been almost entirely destroyed.
獅子為什麼如此悲傷？
1821年，倖存的瑞士軍官卡爾．普菲費爾（Karl Pfyffer）發起建造這座紀念碑。丹麥雕塑家設計了一隻瀕死的雄獅：
Nearly three decades later, in 1821, Karl Pfyffer, a Swiss officer who had survived the massacre, initiated the construction of a memorial to honor his fallen comrades. The monument was designed by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, who chose not to portray a victorious warrior, but a dying lion.
• 長矛刺入身體；
• 獅子已經無力站起；
• 但前爪仍緊緊護著刻有法國王室百合花紋章（Fleur-de-lis）的盾牌；
• 身旁還有另一面象徵瑞士的盾牌。
A broken spear pierces the lion’s side. Its strength has nearly faded, and it can no longer rise. Yet even in its final moments, one forepaw still protects a shield bearing the Fleur-de-lis—the emblem of the French monarchy—while a second shield, marked with the Swiss cross, rests quietly beside it. Every detail of the sculpture speaks without words.
整個雕塑沒有任何凱旋的姿態。它不是怒吼，而是在死亡中仍守護自己的使命。碑上的拉丁文只有一句：HELVETIORUM FIDEI AC VIRTUTI。
There is no gesture of triumph in the monument. The lion does not roar, nor does it strike back. Instead, it remains faithful to its duty even as life slips away. Carved above the sculpture is a single Latin inscription: HELVETIORUM FIDEI AC VIRTUTI.
意思是：獻給瑞士人的忠誠與勇敢。
Its meaning is simple and timeless: To the Loyalty and Bravery of the Swiss.
歷史的悲劇就在這裡
真正令人感傷的，並不僅僅是他們戰死。而是他們效忠的對象失敗了。如果路易十六重新掌權，他們會成為拯救王朝的英雄。但歷史由勝利者書寫。法國革命成功以後，他們長期被描述為維護舊制度、阻擋歷史進步的人。
The deepest tragedy lies not simply in the deaths of the Swiss Guards, but in the fate of the cause to which they had pledged their loyalty. Had Louis XVI regained his throne, they might have been remembered as heroes who saved a monarchy. Instead, the Revolution prevailed, and history followed a different course. For generations, the Swiss Guards were portrayed as defenders of the old order—men who stood in the way of a new era rather than those who faithfully fulfilled the duty they had sworn to uphold.
2026年5月6日 · May 6, 2026
